Reference
Definitions of key terms in hormone optimization, peptide therapy, weight management, and longevity science. From autophagy to visceral fat.
Body fat tissue that stores energy, produces hormones, and plays a central role in metabolic health.
Read more →The formation of new blood vessels from existing vasculature, critical for tissue repair, wound healing, and tumor growth.
Read more →The cellular process of recycling damaged organelles and proteins, activated by fasting and certain compounds, and linked to longevity.
Read more →Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, a protein that supports the survival, growth, and differentiation of neurons and is linked to cognitive function and mood.
Read more →Hormones that are chemically identical to those produced by the human body, used in hormone replacement therapy for menopause, andropause, and optimization.
Read more →Body Protection Compound-157, a synthetic peptide derived from human gastric juice, studied extensively for tissue healing, gut repair, and neuroprotection.
Read more →A peptide classification allowing legal compounding by licensed pharmacies and prescribing by physicians in the United States.
Read more →A peptide classification currently restricting compounding by pharmacies, though several Category 2 peptides are expected to be reclassified to Category 1.
Read more →Continuous glucose monitor, a wearable device that tracks blood sugar levels in real time, used for diabetes management and metabolic optimization.
Read more →A growth hormone-releasing hormone analog often paired with ipamorelin to stimulate natural growth hormone production for recovery, body composition, and anti-aging.
Read more →A licensed pharmacy that custom-prepares medications to individual prescriptions, including peptides, hormones, and formulations not commercially available.
Read more →The primary stress hormone produced by the adrenal glands, essential for survival but harmful when chronically elevated, causing weight gain, brain fog, and immune suppression.
Read more →Dehydroepiandrosterone, a precursor hormone produced by the adrenal glands that converts to testosterone and estrogen, declining significantly with age.
Read more →Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness, and Trustworthiness, the framework Google uses to evaluate content quality for health and medical topics.
Read more →The study of heritable changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the DNA sequence itself, influenced by environment, lifestyle, and aging.
Read more →The most potent form of estrogen, produced primarily by the ovaries, critical for bone health, cardiovascular function, brain health, and reproductive function.
Read more →The unbound, biologically active fraction of testosterone in the blood, representing 1-3% of total testosterone and directly available for cellular use.
Read more →A naturally occurring copper peptide with over 4,000 documented bioactivities, used for skin regeneration, wound healing, hair growth, and anti-aging.
Read more →Glucagon-like peptide-1, a hormone that regulates appetite and blood sugar, and the target of weight loss medications like semaglutide and tirzepatide.
Read more →A pituitary hormone essential for growth, body composition, cell repair, and metabolism, declining steadily after age 30.
Read more →Hormone replacement therapy, the medical use of hormones to treat symptoms of menopause, andropause, or hormonal deficiency.
Read more →Insulin-like growth factor 1, a hormone produced in response to growth hormone that mediates many of GH's effects on tissue growth and repair.
Read more →A metabolic condition in which cells become less responsive to insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar, weight gain, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
Read more →A selective growth hormone secretagogue peptide that stimulates natural GH release without significantly affecting cortisol or prolactin levels.
Read more →The science and practice of extending healthy lifespan through interventions targeting the biological mechanisms of aging.
Read more →The permanent cessation of menstruation, typically occurring between ages 45-55, marked by declining estrogen and progesterone and a range of physical and cognitive symptoms.
Read more →Mechanistic target of rapamycin, a cellular pathway that regulates growth and metabolism, with inhibition linked to longevity in research models.
Read more →Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme essential for cellular energy production and DNA repair that declines with age, targetable through IV therapy and supplements.
Read more →Substances that enhance cognitive function including memory, focus, creativity, and motivation, ranging from supplements to prescription peptides.
Read more →Polycystic ovary syndrome, a hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by insulin resistance, elevated androgens, and difficulty losing weight.
Read more →A class of medications that increase blood flow by inhibiting the phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme, used for erectile dysfunction and sometimes prescribed off-label for other conditions.
Read more →A short chain of amino acids that acts as a signaling molecule in the body, used therapeutically for healing, hormone optimization, weight loss, and cognitive enhancement.
Read more →The transitional period before menopause, typically lasting 4-8 years, during which hormone levels fluctuate and menopause symptoms begin.
Read more →A hormone essential for menstrual regulation, pregnancy, sleep, mood, and neuroprotection, required alongside estrogen in HRT for women with a uterus.
Read more →Bremelanotide, a peptide that acts on melanocortin receptors in the brain to improve sexual desire and arousal in both men and women.
Read more →An mTOR inhibitor originally developed as an immunosuppressant, now studied as a potential longevity drug due to lifespan extension observed in animal models.
Read more →A triple-agonist peptide targeting GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors, showing significant weight loss results in clinical trials and expected to be a next-generation obesity treatment.
Read more →A GLP-1 receptor agonist used for weight loss and type 2 diabetes, available as branded Ozempic and Wegovy, and in compounded formulations.
Read more →Damaged cells that have stopped dividing but refuse to die, accumulating with age and secreting inflammatory factors that damage surrounding tissue.
Read more →A synthetic peptide analog of ACTH that enhances BDNF production, supporting cognitive function, memory, focus, and neuroprotection.
Read more →A growth hormone-releasing hormone analog that stimulates natural GH production, currently the only legally compoundable GH peptide in the United States.
Read more →Sex hormone-binding globulin, a protein that binds testosterone and estrogen in the blood, reducing the amount of free, biologically active hormone available to tissues.
Read more →A family of proteins involved in cellular regulation, DNA repair, and metabolic function, activated by NAD+ and caloric restriction and linked to longevity.
Read more →A synthetic version of thymosin beta-4, a peptide involved in tissue repair, cell migration, and anti-inflammatory processes, often combined with BPC-157 for healing.
Read more →The primary male sex hormone, also essential in women at lower levels, critical for muscle mass, bone density, libido, energy, mood, and cognitive function.
Read more →A butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that produces hormones controlling metabolism, energy, body temperature, heart rate, and weight regulation.
Read more →A dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist for weight loss and diabetes, available as branded Mounjaro and Zepbound, showing greater weight loss than semaglutide in trials.
Read more →Testosterone replacement therapy, the medical administration of testosterone to treat low testosterone levels, available via injection, gel, patch, or pellet.
Read more →Fat stored around internal organs in the abdominal cavity, metabolically active and strongly associated with insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and chronic inflammation.
Read more →A set of four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) discovered by Shinya Yamanaka that can reprogram adult cells into pluripotent stem cells, with partial reprogramming being explored for age reversal.
Read more →Medical disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a licensed physician before starting any therapy.